Steam turbine with regulated bleeding of steam



March 30, 1965 B. P. TARANov 3,175,366

STEAM TURBINE WITH REGULATED BLEEDING OF STEAM Filed July 28, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet l BY JM my JM ATTORNEYS March 30, 1965 B. P. TARANov STEAM TURBINE WITH REGULATED BLEEDING OF STEAM Filed July 28, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 5A TE DSCHHRQE Er 6 5 3 i HE 3 x G ro EN 0 of/ H mw In INVENT OR 50e/6' i? Www/vvv ATTORNEYS United States Patent O 3,175,366 STEAM TURBINE W111i REGULATED BLEEDING @ii STEAM Boris Pavlovich Taranov, 36/ 7 K. Liebknecht Str., Apt. 21, Kiev 24, 11.51.5.11. Filed `iuly 28, 1961, Ser. No. 127,517 5 Claims. (Ci. Gil-67) This invention relates to steam turbine installations and more particularly to such an installation including a turbine with a regulated bleed-off of steam and controlled means for supplying steam from the turbine to heat exchangers.

The bleeding of steam from one or more stages of a steam turbine for various uses and particularly for the heating of water, gives rise to many problems, since the etiiciency of the turbine must be maintained at a relatively high level and, at the same time, the temperature of water heated by steam supplied from the turbine must be automatically maintained constant at a predetermined temperature, regardless of deviation in the load on the turbine and also, it must be possible to vary the temperature of the heated water over a relatively wide range without materially reducing the efficiency of the turbine.

Numerous attempts have been made to solve this problem and provide a turbine installation in which steam for the heating of water may be obtained from one or more stages of the turbine without adversely affecting the eiiiciency thereof, but such attempts have either resulted in an unsatisfactory water heating system or in producing an uneconomical turbine installation or both, and as a result, the present invention which solves these problems in an entirely satisfactory manner represents a material step forward in the art.

It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide a steam turbine installation, including a regulated bleed type turbine and controlled means for supplying steam from one or more stages of the turbine to heat exchangers for heating water or other uids and in which the steam pressure supplied to the heat exchangers may be varied over a Wide range while maintaining high turbine efficiency and also maintaining the required steam pressure for the heat exchangers, regardless of variations in the load on the turbine.

A further object o the invention is the provision of a steam turbine installation, including controlled means for supplying steam from one or more stages of the turbine to heat exchangers and in which the controlling means operates to maintain high turbine ei'liciency while supplying steam therefrom to the heat exchangers at a pressure required for the particular temperature of water desired and also permitting a wide variation in the temperature of such water without adversely affecting turbine etticiency.

A still further object of the invention is the provision of a steam turbine installation with controlled means for supplying steam from one or more stages of the turbine to heat exchangers and which requires only relatively minor modification of the turbine, thereby maintaining the cost thereof at a minimum.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing a turbine installation constructed in accordance with this invention and utilizing a combined speed and pressure regulating means for controlling steam supplied from the turbine to heat exchangers; and

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view similar to FIG. l, but showing a regulating system utilizing a combined speed 3,175,356 atented Mar. 30, 1965 and temperature responsive control means for controlling the steam supplied to heat exchangers.

With continued reference to the drawings, there is shown in FIG. l a turbine installation constructed in accordance with this invention and which comprises a steam turbine lil with a regulated bleeding of steam and including high pressure stages 11, low pressure stages 12 and intermediate pressure stages 13 and 1d. A chamber 15 is provided between the high pressure stages 11 and the tirst intermediate stages 13, while another chamber 16 is provided between the intermediate stages 13 and 14. A chamber 17 is also provided between the intermediate stages 14 and the low pressure stages 12. Steam may be supplied to the high pressure stages 11 through a suitable steam inlet pipe 18 controlled by a governor valve 19 in a manner to be later described and steam iiows from the low pressure stages 12 to an exhaust outlet Ztl which may be connected through a suitable condenser in a conventional manner.

A steam supply conduit 21 is connected to the chamber 17 between the low pressure stages 12 and the next intermediate pressure stages 14 and the conduit 21 is provided with a shut-oit valve 22 therein with the conduit 21 being connected to a heat exchanger 23. A second steam supply conduit 24 provided with a shut-ott valve Z5 is connected to the chamber 16 between the intermediate stages 13 and 14 and to a second heat exchanger 26. In a similar manner, a third steam supply conduit 27 having a shut-nti valve 28 therein is connected to the chamber 15 between the high pressure stages 11 and the intermediate stages 13 and to a third heat exchanger 29. This installation may be arranged without one or several shut-oit valves 22, 25 and 28.

A fluid supply conduit 3d for iiuid to be heated is connected through a shut-oit valve 31 with the inlet of the heat exchanger 23 and the outlet of the heat exchanger 23 is connected through a shut-ott valve 32 with a conduit 33 which, in turn, is connected through a shut-oit valve 34 with the inlet of the heat exchanger Z6. A by-pass valve 35 is provided between the fluid supply conduit 30 and the conduit 33. The outlet of the heat exchanger 26 is connected 'through a shut-off valve 36 with a conduit 37 which in turn, is connected through a shut-off valve 38 with the inlet of the heat exchanger 29. A by-pass valve 39 is provided between the conduit 33 and the conduit 37. The outlet of the heat exchanger 29 is connected through a shut-off valve di) with a heated fluid discharge conduit 41 and a by-pass valve 42 is provided between the conduit 37 and the discharge conduit d1.

The turbine installation is provided with a conventional governor i3 which is responsive to the speed of the turbine and there is also provided a second governor 4d which is responsive to the pressure in a selected one ot the chambers 15, 16 and 17. The pressure responsive governor 44 may be connected to the chambers 15, 16 and 17 in any suitable manner as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 and suitable control means 45, 46 and 47 may be provided in order to permit operationy of the pressure responsive governor 4d in response to the pressure in a selected chamber. Also, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, the speed responsive governor 43 and the pressure responsive governor 44 are connected together in a regulating system in which the governors operate jointly to control the inlet control valve 19 and also to control the operation of a valve 4S which controls the flow of steam from the chamber 17 to the low pressure stages 12 of the turbine 10.

The bleeding of steam from chambers 15, 16, 17 into exchangers 23, 26, 29 takes place through the bleedoutlets of the regulated bleed-oit of the turbine 1t). The peculiarity of this invention consists in the possibility of envases maintaining stability of the bleed-pressure in any', but simultaneously only in one of these bleed-outlets; moreover the regulating of the bleed-pressure is possible also in unusual conditions, when intermediate stages are provided between the regulated bleed-outlet and the control valve 4S, located between the last (from chamber 17) outlet and low pressure stages l2 of the turbine lil.

The above described turbine installation may be utilized for supplying water at various temperatures through the discharge conduit 4l and for this purpose various combinations of the heat exchangers 23, 26 and 29 may be' utilized. For high temperature water, the heat exchangers are connected in series by opening the valves 31, 32, 34, 3e, 3S and 4d and by closing the by-pass valves 3S, 39 and 42. With this series connection of the heat exchangers the shut-ott valves 22, 25 and Z3 in the steam supply conduits 2li, 24 and 27 are opened and the pressure responsive governor 44 is connected to the chamber 15 by opening the control means 45 and closing the control means 46 and 47. As a result, the governor 44 is responsive to steam pressure in the chamber 15 and operates in conjunction with the speed responsive governor 43 to control the operation of the inlet control valve 19 and Ithe control valve 43 in a manner to maintain' steam pressure in the chamber l5 to provide inal water temperature in accordance with the desired value.

If it is desired to utilize only the heat exchangers 23 and 29, the valves 34 and 36 are closed thereby preventing ow of fluid through the heat exchanger 26 and the by-pass valve 39 is opened to permit direct flow of iluid from heat exchanger 23 to the heat exchanger 29. ln this case, the shut-oir" valve 25 in the steam supply conduit 24 to the heat exchanger 26 is closed, but the pressure responsive governor 44 is still connected to the chamber l5 and is responsive to steam pressure therein.

if a lower water temperature is desired only heat exchangers 23 and 26 may be utilized and for this purpose the shut-oli valves 3S and 4t) are closed to prevent ow of fluid through the heat exchanger 29 and the by-pass valve 42 is opened to permit flow of iiuid directly from the heat exchanger 26 to the discharge conduit 41. The shut-oft valve 28 in the steam supply conduit 27 for the heat exchanger 29 is closed and in this arrangement the pressure responsive governor 44 is connected only to the chamber 16.

If relatively low water temperature is desired, only the heat exchanger 23 may be utilized and for this purpose the valves 34, 36, 3S and 40 are closed to prevent iiow of fluid through the heat exchangers 26 and 29 and the by-pass valves 39 and 42 are opened to permit tlow of iiuid directly from the heat exchanger 23 to the discharge conduit 41. The valve 25 in the steam supply conduit 24 for the heat exchanger 26 is closed and the valve 23 in the steam supply conduit 27 for the heat exchanger 29 is also closed, while the valve 22 is, of course, open. To provide for proper control of steam pressure supplied to the heat exchanger 23 in this arrangement, only the chamber 17 is connected to the pressure responsive governor 44.

It will, therefore, be seen that any suitable arrangement may be employed to provide the desired water temperature and at the same time, to provide proper control for the turbine and the steam pressure supplied to the heat exchangers to thereby maintain water temperature at the desired value and also to maintain the turbine operating at the required high eiciency. By this arrangement of the installation, highly eliective stepwise heating of the tiuid is provided.

With particular reference to FIG. 2, there is shown a turbine installation which is identical with that described above in connection with FIG. l, except that a slightly diierent type oi regulating system is employed and as a consequence, the same reference numerals are utilized to indicate corresponding parts in FIG. 2, since the only difference as just mentioned is the regulating system. In this form of the invention, the pressure responsive governor 44 of FIG. l is replaced by a temperature responsive governor 49, the operation ot which is controlled by a suitable temperature responsive ele-- ment Si) disposed in the heated iiuid discharge conduit 41. Consequently, the temperature responsive governor 49 is. operative in response to changes in temperature in the heated iiuid flowing through the discharge conduit 4l and'. the temperature governor 49 operates jointly with the: `peed responsive governor 43 to control the operation.l ot the inlet control valve i9 and the control valve 48 between the chamber i7 and the low pressure stage i2 off the turbine lt?.

in the form of the invention shown in FiG. 2, any" desired combination of heat exchangers may be utilized'A as described above in connection with the form of thef invention shown in FIG. l and operation thereof willl be jointly controlled by the temperature responsive gov-I ernor 49 and the speed responsive governor 43.

Utilizing the various combinations of heat exc-hangers* and steam supply points as described above provides for' .necessary control ot the temperature of water del ed from the heat exchangers and also maintains the emcrency of the turbine, since with the use of such different coiil-r binations in utilizing a smaller number of heat cxchangers than the maximum shown, the number of turbine stages preceding the bleed-outlet at which the steam pressure increases while the number of stages downstream from this outlet is reduced. As a result, even with changing of the regulated pressure over `a wide range the efficiency of the turbine does not change to any measurable degree, since the turbine stages operate at approximately constant temperature drops which only slightly deviate from the rated values.

As one illustration of the control of the turbine installation when water temperature must be maintained constant and at the same time, the power output of the turbine must be increased, it may be assumed that heat exchangers 23 and 29 are being utilized for heating water and that heat exchanger 26 is inoperative. In this ar'- rangement, of course, the steam supply conduits 2. and? 27 are open and the pressure responsive governor 44: is connected to the chamber l5 and is operative in respouse to pressure changes therein. Since the steam? pressure in the chamber l5 is regulated, that is the pres# sure before the turbine stages i3 is constant, the stearnl iow through stages i3 and 14 disposed between the steam supply conduits 27 and 2i cannot be increased forl the reason that the critical steam speeds in threse stages have already been either reached or exceeded.

In order to increase the power output of the turbine in this situation, the regulating system including the speed responsive governor 43 and the pressure responsive governor 44 will operate to partially open the control valve 48 which had heretofore not been fully opened, thereby reducing the pressure in the chamber 17 and, of course, at the same time reducing the pressure of steam delivered through the conduit 21 to the heat exchanger 23. Opening of the control valve 4S will result in an. increase in steam` flow through the ylow pressure turbine stages l2 thereby increasing the power output o these stages.

The reduction of steam pressure in the chamber 17' will result in lowering the temperature of iluid supplied. from the heat exchanger 23 to the exchanger 29. At the, same time the steam pressure in the chamber i5 and the; finai temperature of the Water is maintained approxi-- mately constant, that is the heating ot fluid in the heat exchanger 2% in this case increases. For this purpose the necessary increase of steam tlow from the chamber'A i5 into the exchange 2% results from a partial opening.

of the inlet control valve l@ under control of the regulating system including the speed responsive governor 43:V and the pressure responsive governor 44 and in this man-l ner the power output of the turbine may be increased,

while still maintaining water temperature at the desired value.

While an installation is shown having three heat eX- changers and three steam supply conduits therefor, it is to be understood that this is for illustrative purposes only and other numbers of heat exchangers and steam supply conduits may be employed and furthermore, the regulating system may include fluid operated or electrically operated control instruments and likewise, the various valves utilized may be automatically controlled or manually actuated.

The governing system might be actuated not only by one but several pressure regulators, connected to the corresponding bleed-outlets, whereby simultaneously only one of these regulators is operated thereby to control the bleed pressure only in one of the chambers.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof and therefore the invention is not -limited by that which is shown in the drawings and described in the specification, but only as indicated in the appended claims.

What I claim is:

l. A steam turbine installation including a turbine having a steam inlet control valve, a plurality of bleed outlets on said turbine, one or more turbine stages with a free ilow of steam therebetween between each pair of outlets and one or more turbine stages between the last outlet and the exhaust of said turbine, said turbine having only a single steam ilow control valve which is located between the last outlet and the last stages of said turbine, a plurality of water heaters, each heater being connected to a separate outlet, shut-oil valves in said outlets for selectively rendering said heaters operative or inoperative, water supply )and discharge means for said heaters, valve means tor providing series operation of said heaters or for by-passing one or more heaters, governing means on said turbine operably connected to said steam inlet valve and said steam flow control valve and a regulating system connected to said governing means, said inlet valve, said flow control valve, said governing means and said regulating system constituting the sole means for controlling steam pressure and iiow within said turbine and as a consequence, the pressure and ilow of steam through said outlets.

2. A steam turbine installation as defined in claim 1 in which said regulating system is selectively responsive to steam iiow or pressure at any of said outlets.

3. A steam turbine installation as defined in claim 1 in which said regulating system is selectively responsive to the water temperature at any of said heaters.

4. A steam turbine installation including a turbine having a steam inlet control valve, a plurality of bleed outlets on said turbine, one or more turbine stages with a free ow of steam therebetween between each pair of outlets and one or more turbine stages between the last outlet and the exhaust of said turbine, said turbine having only a single steam flow control valve which is located between the last outlet and the last stages of said turbine, governing means on said turbine operably connected to said steam inlet valve and said steam flow control valve and a regulating system connected to said governing means, said inlet valve, said ow control valve, said governing means and said regulating system constituting the sole means for controlling steam pressure and ow within said turbine and as a consequence, the pressure and flow of steam through said outlets.

5. A steam turbine installation as defined in claim 4, in which said regulating system is connected to said turbine between certain stages thereof and means for opening or closing the connection between a selected stage or stages, whereby said regulating system is operable in response to conditions in said selected stage or stages.

References Cited bythe Examiner UNlTED STATES PATENTS 1,766,678 6/30 Noack 60-107 X 1,811,302 6/31 Church 60--67 1,838,007 12/31 Smith 60-107 X 1,905,760 4/ 33 Standerwick 60-67 2,098,863 11/37 Harris 60-67 2,111,420 3/3 8 Ericson et al. 60-67 2,193,658 3/40 Somes 60--67 2,883,832 4/59 Arnow 60-67 FOREIGN PATENTS 398,374 9/33 Great Britain.

lULIUS E. WEST, Primary Examiner.

ROBERT R. BUNEVICH, ABRAM BLUM, Examiners, 

1. A STEAM TURBINE INSTALLATION INCLUDING A TURBINE HAVING A STEAM INLET CONTROL VALVE, A PLURALITY OF BLEED OUTLETS ON SAID TURBINE, ONE OR MORE TURBINE STAGES WITH A FREE FLOW OF STEAM THEREBETWEEN BETWEEN EACH PAIR OF OUTLETS AND ONE OR MORE TURBINE STAGES BETWEEN THE LAST OUTLET AND THE EXHAUST OF SAID TURBINE, SAID TURBINE HAVING ONLY A SINGLE STEAM FLOW CONTROL VALVE WHICH IS LOCATED BETWEEN THE LAST OUTLET AND THE LAST STAGES OF SAID TURBINE, A PLURALITY OF WATER HEATERS, EACH HEATERS BEING CONNECTED TO A SEPARATE OUTLET, SHUT-OFF VALVES IN SAID OUTLETS FOR SELECTIVELY RENDERING SAID HEATERS OPERATIVE OF INOPERATIVE, WATER SUPPLY AND DISCHARGE MEANS FOR SAID HEATERS, VALVE MEANS FOR PROVIDING SERIES OPERATION OF SAID HEATERS OR FOR BY-PASSING ONE OR MORE HEATERS, GOVERNING MEANS ON SAID TURBINE OPERABLY CONNECTED TO SAID STEAM INLET VALVE AND SAID STEAM FLOW CONTROL VALVE AND A REGULATING SYSTEM CONNECTED TO SAID GOVERNING MEANS, SAID INLET VALVE, SAID FLOW CONTROL VALVE, SAID GOVERNING MEANS AND SAID REGULATING SYSTEM CONSTITUTING THE SOLE MEANS FOR CONTROLLING STEAM PRESSURE AND FLOW WITHIN SAID TURBINE 